Chronology of the History of Philosophy
you will see this page to find the philosopher in each su era. In chronological order
Siglos IV-VI
• Thales of Miletus
• Anaximander • Anaximenes of Miletus
Pythagoras of Samos
• • • Heraclitus of Ephesus
Jenófanes of terminating
• Parmenides of Elea •
Zeno of Elea
• Anaxagoras • Empedocles of Clazomene
Akragas
• Democritus of Abdera Protagoras of Abdera •
• Socrates
• Plato • Aristotle Epicurus
• V-XVI Centuries •
Augustine Anselm of Canterbury
• Thomas Aquinas • Ockham
• • • Luther Erasmus
• Thomas More • Machiavelli
XVII Centuries and XVIII
• Hobbes • Galileo Galilei • Descartes
• Locke • •
Hume Kant
nineteenth and twentieth centuries
• Marx • Nietzsche
• Moore, GE
• Ortega y Gasset, Sartre
• • Althusser
• Kuhn, TS
Greek Philosophy
1) Pre-Socratic Philosophy: heterogeneous group of Greek philosophers and philosophical schools of Socrates earlier.
Chronology of Greek philosophy
cosmological philosophy: concern for the issue of the physis as the sole arche (VII-V century BC)
monist philosophers: philosophers and physiologists monist view that the basis of all reality is a single principle. This group should include the philosophers of Miletus (Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes), Heraclitus and Parmenides;
• Milesian School (thousands or Ionian): Tales (founder): Water atomistic: Leucippus Liceu).
4) Hellenistic Philosophy: Concerns about moral issues, finding ways to be happy (late (fourth century BC) to (II BC)
Stoicism, virtue as well supreme apathy Zeno of Citium (Old and Middle Stoa): Zeno Cities is still a matter of debate among scholars (cf. Pierre Grimal: Is there a Roman philosophy?), it is true that the Romans were widespread ideas of Stoicism, Epicureanism and academics. In fact, many thinkers of this period were rather eclectic. In this sense, the paradigmatic case is Cicero.
Stoics (new or late Stoa): Seneca and deviene ancilla theologiae, that is, shall be subordinate to theology.
Patristics: Justin Martyr Montaigne Analytic philosophy: Russell Philosophical Materialism
: Gustavo Bueno to pursue their education and show the scientific community would be able to learn. The child learns but survives in the desire to reclaim his wild life alternating with the satisfaction of his new life "civilized"
is not the first documented case of wild children. Most of them seem to have been raised by animals, because the same characteristics. The earliest known case dates from 1344. In Germany he met a wild child that ran to four games and living in a cave with wolves. Also in 1666 found a niño_ bear a child later in 1762 - sheep. Closer in time, two girls, wolves were found in Midnapore. In 1981 the Portuguese discovered a girl who had been hidden and neglected by her family in a poultry
All of them had common characteristics: insensitivity to cold or heat, fear of humans and preference for life with animals of the species with they were produced, were exclusively the same as the species that received them, they refused to be clothed or be "locked up" in houses, trying to escape, were unable to recognize their reflection in the mirror, had the sense of sight and more sharp ear and yet did not seem to pay attention to human stimuli. Produced sounds similar to animals sniffing preferred food and raw on all fours and drank usually slept during the day in caves, with more developed night vision. Ill often come into contact with humans and most did not survive.
No wonder that man, raised from an early age, born with a brain structure virtually inactive, only to become a human when living with humans. It is these that activate their genes. A child who has not been socialized not a human. Genes are not enough for a human heritage. The scientist Dawkins invented the term meme to refer to all the habits, behaviors, techniques and inventions that humans acquire from childhood by imitation. All information you provide to us our culture is transmitted in the socialization and if we are deprived of it, we can not acquire it for ourselves. The cultural information is transmitted from brain to brain, by teaching, by assimilation, by imitation, and these children received the other wild species which eventually resembling.
Truffaut's film presents two opposing views: on one hand those who, like Rousseau, argue that education is necessary for human evolution, that is, put more emphasis on the environment on heredity, on the other the holding that the functions man's mental develop spontaneously and that education is contingent, in short geneticists. What is clear is that the wild child found in Aveyron and star of Truffaut's film is not enough in itself, its genes were insufficient to make it human. Jean Itard, educator shows how education but could not make a boy like others of his age, to take a considerable delay in the acquisition of knowledge, if he could change his behavior and enable it to demonstrate their capacity and of his intelligence. In fact Victor is able to pronounce words, write, eat, dress and live like humans.
Jean Itard was born in 1774 in France. Was a physician and surgeon, but when he had contact with children whose education required special measures, were found beaten and thought that with a good education could get a lot more of them. In the film discusses with Jean Pinel, who believes that Victor is to be enclosed in a hospice and forgotten because it is impossible to make him a human child. Firmly believes that to be private Víctor since childhood education, we can not determine the extent of his intelligence and needs a strong education. It is therefore devoted to this and believes it can make a normal human. Victor is not considered mentally retarded. Victor is actually showing signs intelligence and humanity ever more amazing.
The film has helped guide many professionals to start in the treatment of abandoned children. After having seen
answer the following questions: _
characterize the main characters. _
Compare the case of Victor with excluded or marginalized children who may be in your environment or you have been heard or investigated. _
Victor describes the behavior when living in the forest and then compare it with its situation at the end of the film. _
explains the most important aspects of the learning process of Victor. What you learn and how? What shows each of its successive learning? Do you think Victor
behave the way he does because of his environmental stance aislamiento_ or, conversely, do you think has some kind of delay and that explains their behavior geneticist atrasado_ position? Shows the characteristics of both positions and reasoning which is the one that convinces you.
_ Do you think Victor won a better life when he was captured or have been happier in the woods? _
Victor suffers punishment, harsh and stressful education suffers in his new life longing for the forest, water ... but it takes a final decision, preferring to stay with humans. Do you think it was worth the effort took his master? _
Victor behavior and can help us understand where people who deviate from what we consider normal. Think about what cases might be an example of this and tries to argue whether the people who say these abnormal behaviors are guilty of them, they can berate or be held accountable for them or, conversely, are just victims of the environment in which they lived and must be taught, re-education, renewable.
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