2 º bach. Minimum and ecoethics
THESE THREE PROPOSED WORK BELOW IS A VOLUNTEER. THE STUDENTS CAN BOTH OF 4 NUMBER OF ETHICS AS OF 1 BACH OF PHILOSOPHY. The 4 th HAVE TO CHOOSE ONE OF THREE TO MAKE PRESENTATION AT LEAST ONE SIDE OF A FOLIO. The 1 º BACH. MAY CHOOSE ONE OF THE THREE ITEMS THAT HAVE TO DEVELOP SOLID PROVIDING ARGUMENTS AND THEORIES TO GUARANTEE YOUR THOUGHTS, OR MAKING THREE more briefly, BUT IGUALMENTE documented.
1_
GM Food
What are transgenic foods? These organisms, plants or animals that have been genetically modified. How do you handle? Using especially the biotechnology of DNA recombination: in implanted cells of certain organisms such as plants, genetic material from other organisms endowed with certain qualities, with the aim of providing these qualities to the receiving agency or manipulated. Thus, transgenic foods are genetically modified organisms. What are the effects produced in animals or humans that eat? That is the question of conflict, much as researchers involved in the Human Genome Project have argued that the risks are unknown.
international institutions have warned of new dangers posed by transgenic foods. It is feared that a black list of toxic and harmful effects caused by the large number of pesticides and chemicals are inadequately controlled must add the effects of currently unforeseeable, caused by GM contamination, even more serious than chemical pollution.
Multinational Specialized in transgenic manipulation, such as Monsanto, are the most interested in any information about which foods to avoid participating in any genetic manipulation, arguing that virtually no difference between them: any indication of GMOs (genetically modified organism) would be economically harmful. But on the other hand, are quite the experts who argue that "today nobody can predict toxicities, invasions competitive or other unintended consequences of transgenic plants." Therefore, in May 1996, a hundred scientists made pubic in Paris, a manifesto proclaiming the "need for a moratorium on the spread of organisms into the environment genetically modified. "
Corn trangènic
Moreover, the seeds of transgenic plants, which can increase yields by 15% to 20%, introduce the issue of patents of plants or animals created. If a multinational company, with investments worth millions, has managed to create a wheat or rice, high yield, the farmer who buys the right to replant them again and again? Certainly, since more than 10,000 years, farmers have booked part of the seed obtained from harvest for replanting or exchanges, however, argue that multinationals are creations patented transgenic seeds and purchase only entitles you to plant them once, which are listed in the purchase agreement. Aiming
not escape the benefits of investment, the multinational agricultural biotechnology have patented the "technology protection system" (Technology Protection System, TPS), a contentious and controversial protection system that involves the sterilization of seeds. Modifying the three genes is achieved then neutralize the seeds obtained from the harvest: REpLANT if the seed does not germinate. TPS These seeds are known for their many critics with the name "Terminator." The environmental, economic and social Terminator seeds are incalculable.
1
_ Write a short presentation setting out the arguments for and against the handling of food using genetics.
2_
The anthropocentric view of human relationships with the environment
, typical of our society, is not generalizable to other human cultures. There are other people whose cultures are clearly biocentric. Most of them were considered "savages," "primitive", "backward", "uncivilized" and so on. by dominant cultures. Thus, their legacy has never permeated the powerful. Now we begin to regard them with respect and understanding they deserve. They are they who have to learn from us (from the ethical point of view) but on the contrary.
2 - Write a short presentation setting out arguments for and against anthropocentrism. Do you think that rights are extensible to other beings, living or not? You can serve the reading of the text that you then
cosmology
THE INDIANS OF THE AMAZON (fragment)
Philippe Descola
"(...) The Achuar are not exceptional in the Amazonian world. Some miles centenera further north, for example, in the jungles of eastern Colombia, the Indians Makuna have an even more radical theory definitely not dualized world. Like the Achuar, the Makuna categorize human beings, plants and animals as "people" (mass) whose main attributes, mortality, social and ceremonial life, intent, knowledge-are absolutely identical. In this community of living things, the internal distinctions are based on the particular features the mythical origins, diets and playback modes provide every kind of being, and not on the degree of proximity of such classes to the paradigm realization that the Makuna offer.
(...) So, like the peoples of the Amazon, the subarctic region to understand their environment so a dense network of relationships governed by principles that do not discriminate human and nonhuman. "3_
Cousteau Foundation has launched a campaign to seek adoption by the United Nations of
BILL OF RIGHTS FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS
. It demands a global recognition of the fundamental objectives of the environmental movement: the conservation of environmental assets, in the same or better state than we inherited from our ancestors, for generations.
3_ From reading the Bill of Rights of future generations, reflect in writing on the topic: Should we extending the rights to future generations? How can we have what we have around us as our own?
Bill of Rights for Future Generations
Article 1
Future generations are entitled to an Earth without pollution or destruction to your enjoyment as the stage of history, culture and social bonds that make each generation and individual, member of the human family.
Article 2
Each generation, sharing the heritage and land space, has a duty as administrator of future generations to avoid irreparable and irreversible damage to Earth's life, liberty and human dignity. Article 3
is
therefore monumental responsibility of each generation to maintain constant vigilance and careful assessment of technological disturbances and modifications adversely affecting life on Earth, the balance of nature and evolution of humanity to protect rights of future generations. Article 4
be taken all appropriate measures, including education, research and legislation to guarantee these rights and ensure they are not sacrificed for convenience in mind. Article 5
Therefore, governments, nongovernmental organizations and individuals must use all their resources and imagination to implement these principles, as if they were present for future generations whose rights we seek to establish and perpetuate.
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